Mars Atmosphere May Hold the Key to Human Survival, Scientists Reveal

A new study published in the Advances in Space Research journal suggests that moisture in the Martian atmosphere could serve as a vital backup water source for future human missions to the Red Planet. While underground ice remains the most promising long-term option, the research explores atmospheric water harvesting as an adaptable solution for scenarios where subsurface resources are inaccessible. Led by Dr. Vassilis Inglezakis of Strathclyde University, the study emphasizes the importance of building a self-sufficient water infrastructure to sustain human presence on Mars.

Underground Ice Remains the Most Reliable Long-Term Source

The study underscores that subsurface ice deposits are still the most practical long-term solution for supplying water to future Martian settlers. These deposits, found beneath the surface of the planet, are seen as a stable and potentially abundant source of H₂O. Yet their accessibility remains limited, especially near likely landing zones for human missions. Since the precise location of usable ice is uncertain and excavation technology is still evolving, planning for alternative sources is essential.

Dr. Inglezakis, from the university’s Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, said:

“Reliable access to water would be essential for human survival on Mars, not only for drinking but also for producing oxygen and fuel, which would reduce dependence on Earth-based supplies.”

The study evaluates not just feasibility, but also energy requirements, scalability, and deployment complexity, painting a full picture of the water challenge on Mars. In this context, underground ice offers durability but demands infrastructure that may be difficult to install in the early phases of exploration.

Atmospheric Moisture Presents an Innovative Backup Option

In contrast to ice, harvesting atmospheric moisture offers a mobile, adaptable alternative, especially in regions of Mars where ice cannot be reached. The planet’s atmosphere, although thin and cold, contains trace amounts of water vapor that could be collected and condensed using specialized technology. The study introduces novel approaches for capturing this moisture, including devices inspired by Earth-based dehumidification and sorption technologies.

Dr. Inglezakis explained:

“This study is one of the first to compare the various technologies that could be deployed to recover water in a Martian environment. It also puts forward new ideas for atmospheric water harvesting, offering potentially valuable alternatives where other sources are inaccessible.”

While the process is energy-intensive, it can serve as a crucial contingency, especially in emergencies or during long-range missions. Flexibility and portability of the equipment make it a compelling addition to the toolkit for sustaining human life on Mars.

Supporting Future Missions With Sustainable Technologies

Published in the Advances in Space Research journal, the study emphasizes how integrating multiple water recovery technologies will be vital to sustaining long-duration missions and potential colonization efforts. According to the analysis, missions will require not just one solution, but a layered approach, combining underground ice extraction, soil moisture recovery, and atmospheric harvesting to adapt to different environmental and logistical conditions.

Dr. Inglezakis added:

“While the search for water continues and much of Mars remains unexplored, a clear understanding of available technologies and their realistic applications will be key to supporting sustained missions and eventual settlement. The research offers insights for future space exploration missions, supporting efforts to make them more self-sufficient and sustainable.”

His findings contribute to an emerging blueprint for Mars colonization, aligning with broader goals by agencies like NASA and ESA to reduce reliance on Earth-based supplies and build autonomous ecosystems beyond our planet.